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28. Provisions

The provisions amounted to €45.5 million at December 31, 2025, compared to nil at December 31, 2024. The corresponding effect in profit or loss is mainly reflected in the external outsourcing costs in the R&D expenses. During the course of 2025, there was a restructuring provision recognized for early termination of collaboration agreements as a result of the discontinuation of the small molecules activities with an outstanding amount of €29.2 million on December 31, 2025. This outstanding provision is settled in the first quarter of 2026 because of a negotiated settlement agreement. We refer to note 37 for more information.

In addition, a restructuring provision was recognized related to expected contract terminations as a consequence of the intention to wind down the cell therapy activities of €16.3 million as we assessed that a valid expectation existed towards third party vendors at December 31, 2025. The provision is estimated based on the total amount of undelivered open purchase commitments, ongoing negotiations with collaboration partners, and confirmed potential exposure provided by our legal advisor.

Movements in each class of provision during the financial year are set out below:

Provisions

(thousands of €)

Restructuring small molecules programs

Restructuring cell therapy activities

Total provisions

On January 1, 2025

Additional provision charged to profit or loss

36,330

16,324

52,654

Unused amount reversed

(712)

(712)

Amounts settled

(6,443)

(6,443)

On December 31, 2025

29,175

16,324

45,499

Cell therapy
Cell therapy aims to treat diseases by restoring or altering certain sets of cells or by using cells to carry a therapy through the body. With cell therapy, cells are cultivated or modified outside the body before being injected into the patient. The cells may originate from the patient (autologous cells) or a donor (allogeneic cells)
Outsourcing
Contracting work to a third party